Hemolytic anemia in pediatrics

Hemolytic anemia.

Hemolysis presents as acute or chronic anemia, reticulocytosis, or jaundice. The diagnosis is established by reticulocytosis, increased unconjugated bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase, decreased haptoglobin, and peripheral blood smear findings. Premature destruction of erythrocytes occurs intravascularly or extravascularly. The etiologies of hemolysis often are categorized as acquired or hered...

Complement in hemolytic anemia.

Complement is increasingly being recognized as an important driver of human disease, including many hemolytic anemias. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) cells are susceptible to hemolysis because of a loss of the complement regulatory proteins CD59 and CD55. Patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) develop a thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) that in most cases is attributa...

Multifaceted hemolytic uremic syndrome in pediatrics.

Hemolytic uremic syndromes can have devastating consequences in childhood. The common feature of a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia associated with varying degrees of renal injury often creates diagnostic confusion. The inability to arrive at a definitive diagnosis quickly can lead to a delay in initiating renal-preserving and sometimes life-saving treatment. Currently, bo...

A Fetal Hemolytic Anemia in a Child with Cytomegalovirus Infection

Background Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a hematologic disorder that is rarely observed in infants and young children. Most of the cases are associated with viral or bacterial infections. In some cases, AIHA can be characterized by a chronic course and an unsatisfactory control of hemolysis, thus requiring prolonged immunosuppressive therapy. Case report Especially in children younger...

Hemolytic anemia: Part 2.